Detecting a lump on your breasts can be stressful for any women. Breast cancer is a common type of cancer and is said to affect primarily affect women though 1% of breast cancer cases affect men.
Breast cancer can be categorized into different types based on their capability to affect surrounding tissues.
The most common amongst these are:
Ductal carcinoma in situ
Invasive ductal carcinoma
Invasive lobular carcinoma
Breast cancer is caused by mutations of a person’s DNA cells. This could be inherited from one’s parents or acquired by an unhealthy lifestyle. These DNA mutations cause cells in the breast tissue to multiply rapidly and turn cancerous.
The risk factors for breast cancer can be categorized as modifiable and non-modifiable.
Modifiable risk factors:
Excessive alcohol consumption
Obesity
Use of combined hormone therapy after menopause
Lack of exercise
Non-modifiable risk factors:
Age
Family Medical History
Personal Medical History
Atypical hyperplasia
Early start of menstruation cycle
Presence of dense breast tissue
Inherited genetic mutations
As with any other type of cancer, the earlier it is diagnosed, the easier it is to treat. In its early stages, breast cancer is not painful and has negligible symptoms.
In most cases, it is detected only by finding a lump on the breast or through a mammography. This lump may also be present in the armpit or above the collar bone.
Some of the other symptoms of breast cancer include:
Nipple inversion
Discharge from the nipples
Changes in the colour and texture of skin covering the breast
Breast cancer has five stages beginning from 0 and going up to 4. This is based on the size of the tumour, involvement of lymph nodes and whether or not metastasis has occurred.
Stage 0: At this stage, the tumour does not affect the lymph nodes and has not metastasized. Thus at this stage, it is noninvasive.
Stage I: In this case, the tumour is smaller than 2 cm in diameter and has not spread to any of the surrounding tissues.
Stage II: In this stage, the cancerous tumours are still fairly small in size but also affect the surrounding lymph nodes.
Stage III: These tumours are larger than 5 cm in diameter and involve the lymph nodes to a greater extent.
Stage IV: This is also known as metastatic breast cancer. In this stage, the cancer cells metastasize to other parts of the body.
Surgery is the most preferred form of treatment for breast cancer.
This may be combined with radiation, chemotherapy, targeted therapy or hormone therapy depending on the stage and type of cancer, the patient's overall health, age and personal preferences.
